Browse Prescribing Notes by Therapeutic Subcategory

For antibiotics for urinary tract infections see Bacterial infections section.
For laxatives and stool softeners see Constipation and bowel cleansers section.
The antimuscarinic agents (tolterodine, oxybutynin, darifenacin, trospium chloride, solifenacin) are indicated to treat overactive bladder with symptoms of urge incontinence, urgency, and frequency. These agents lower intravesicular pressure, increase capacity, and reduce the frequency of bladder contractions. They block the parasympathetic nerves which control bladder voiding or exert a direct antispasmodic effect on the detrusor muscle.
First-line treatment for overactive bladder is drug therapy plus behavioral modification (Kegel exercises, bladder retraining, urge suppression therapy). Combination therapy, used either initially or sequentially, has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with overactive bladder. If combination therapy is not successful, neuromodulation or surgery (eg, augmentation cystoplasty, urinary diversion) may be considered.