Browse Prescribing Notes by Therapeutic Subcategory

Narcolepsy, Shift work sleep disorder, Sleep apnea
Modafinil is a selective, non-amphetamine wakefulness-promoting agent. It reduces excessive daytime sleepiness seen in narcolepsy without inducing anxiety or physical symptoms of CNS stimulation such as palpitations and hyperkinesias that are commonly caused by CNS stimulants.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is characterized by inattention, overactivity, and impulsiveness. Drug therapy should be used only for those patients who fail to respond to nonpharmacologic measures.
Given chronically in low doses, CNS stimulants (eg, amphetamines, methylphenidate, pemoline) improve symptoms in several weeks. Those patients who respond may need long-term treatment (up to approximately 10 years of age). The drugs should be withdrawn gradually once per year to determine if therapy is still necessary. Pemoline is generally not a first-line therapy due to the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of pre-synaptic norepinephrine transport mechanisms that reduces ADHD signs and symptoms. It may be discontinued without tapering the dose.