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Epinephrine is a non-selective, direct acting sympathomimetic drug. It is the drug of choice for treating serious acute hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis to drugs and other allergens. Anaphylactic reactions may occur within minutes after exposure and consist of flushing, syncope, tachycardia, wheezing, dyspnea, pruritus, rashes, urticaria and angioedema.

When given by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, epinephrine has a rapid onset and short duration of action. This potent vasopressor stimulates both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Through its effect on alpha adrenergic receptors, epinephrine acts quickly to counter vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, which can lead to loss of intravascular fluid volume and hypotension during anaphylactic reactions. Through its action on beta receptors, epinephrine promotes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, which helps to alleviate wheezing and dyspnea.